Earth: Our Home Planet
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to support life. It is the only planet in our solar system with liquid water on its surface, which covers about 71% of the planet.
Basic Facts
- Diameter: Approximately 12,742 km
- Orbital Period: 365.25 days (1 year)
- Rotation Period: 24 hours
- Surface Area: About 510 million square kilometers
Structure of Earth
Layers of the Earth
Earth is composed of four main layers:
- Crust: The thin outer layer where we live, made up of rocks and soil.
- Mantle: The thick layer beneath the crust, consisting of semi-solid rock that moves slowly.
- Outer Core: A liquid layer made of molten iron and nickel, which generates Earth’s magnetic field.
- Inner Core: A solid core made primarily of iron and nickel, with temperatures reaching up to 5,700 °C (10,300 °F).
Atmosphere and Climate
Earth's atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and trace amounts of other gases, including carbon dioxide and argon. The atmosphere plays a crucial role in protecting life by filtering out harmful solar radiation and regulating temperature.
Did You Know? The highest temperature ever recorded on Earth was 56.7 °C (134 °F) in Furnace Creek Ranch, California, in 1913.
Life on Earth
Earth is the only planet known to contain life, hosting millions of species ranging from microscopic organisms to the largest mammals. The planet's diverse ecosystems, which include forests, deserts, oceans, and tundras, contribute to its biological richness.
Protection of Earth
Human activities have led to environmental challenges such as climate change, pollution, and habitat loss. Conservation efforts and sustainable practices are essential for preserving Earth's ecosystems for future generations.